Tag
supervisee
Articles tagged "supervisee".
21 articles
让受督导者知道成长的路长什么样|督导中的教育
原文链接：https://societyforpsychotherapy.org/an-important-aspect-of-educational-orientation-in-psychotherapy-supervision-providing-supervisees-with-a-conceptual-framework-for-understanding-their-own-therapist-development/ 亲爱的督导师，还记得你开始做咨询的青涩模样吗？ 我这么说对吗？ 我是不是很差劲啊？ 我能成为一名胜任的咨询师吗？ …… 如果那时候你的督导师告诉你，这些感受都是正常的，告诉你成为有效能咨询师需要经历的过程包括种种种种，你会有什么感觉呢？ 现在作为督导师，你有没有想过可以做点什么，让你的受督导者更安心地成长，不必重蹈覆辙？ 我们来看看C. Edward Watkins博士是怎么做的。 新手治疗师需要安全的学习空间 在我的督导工作中，大部分受督导者是刚刚担任治疗师的博士生。他们要么没有咨询经验，要么经验十分有限。就像Chessick (1971)指出的，刚刚从教室走向临床实践的治疗师通常会面临三个问题： 1 学习在治疗早期过程中控制焦虑感； 2 发展作为治疗师的认同感； 3 形成一种信念，相信心理治疗是可行且有效的治疗手段。 刚开始的这段训练期的学生通常能最敏锐地发现自己实践上的缺陷，非常容易受挫，因此这段时期可能会很艰难。此时的关键在于创造一个安全的学习空间，让新手治疗师能够自如地去应对困难，而不会因为犯错受到惩罚。 安全的学习空间的理论基础 如何创造这个空间呢？我的基本思路主要来自治疗师发展理论及其相关研究，还有成人学习理论及其应用。基于这个认识，在开始新督导前我思考的首要问题是： 当下如何创造一个安全的学习空间，才最能满足特定受督导者的学习需要？ 在创造学习空间时，我坚信最好的出发点是对受督导者进行全面的教育性指导(如督导目标，督导师和受督导者的角色)。许多国家都将教育性地指导受督导者视为重要的督导胜任力之一(例 Pilling & Roth, 2014)，因为它使督导过程变得清晰明了，促进了概念化理解，并且还会促进督导双方的协作。通常，受督导者充分了解时状态最好，因此我希望接受我督导的学生尽可能从一开始就完全了解督导过程(例如通过建立督导协议、讨论、角色介绍等方式)，希望他们能更加有效地利用督导，在这个过程中更积极主动。 安全的学习空间的前提–教育取向的督导 教育取向的督导中有一个非常值得强调的重要方面——概念化。这里概念化的意思是：受督导者理解自己作为治疗师成长历程的框架。作为督导师，我首先想给受督导者提供一个发展性的概念化框架。我相信在教育性督导中这一点很容易被忽略或轻视。这一步能够极有力地促进督导的开始，同时增强受督导者的学习能力——相信他们在自身成长过程中，能更好地理解遇到的异常和变化，并且在当下更有效地反应。 Orlinsky和Ronnestad(2005), Ronnestad和Skovholt(2013), Skovholt(2012), Stoltenberg和McNeill(2010)的研究都够告诉我们，在督导中要重视以下事项： 1、用发展的眼光看问题； 2、在督导中整合发展的眼光； 3、提供一个发展性的基本原则和框架来定位治疗师／受督导者的成长过程。 他们的工作一方面研究了治疗师在发展职业自我或治疗师身份时所经历的演变过程，另一方面鉴别或提示了能够刺激治疗师发展的督导行为。Hess等人(2008)认为：“如果督导是教育性的，那么就非常有必要发展一个督导的教育过程模型”。他们发现，关键部分是帮助受督导者更好地理解自己当下的治疗师成长过程。 从成人学习理论的视角来看(Knowles et al., 2011)，对督导过程的教育能够解答受督导者学习中体验到的困惑，并增加他们对过程的掌控感；同时，对过程准备的教育能减轻受督导者的焦虑并让他们提前做好准备，帮助受督导者未雨绸缪(Skovholt & Ronnestad, 2003)，对于如何在督导中进行阐述与协作成竹在胸。 Frank和Frank(1991)的助人和疗愈关系的概念框架也可以被推广用于督导之中。在这个模型中，那些寻求心理治疗帮助的人正处于心力委顿、心烦意乱的抗争阶段，通常可以从这三个方面获益：1.与一个受到认可的助人者，在一个精心设计的助人设置中，进入一段充满信任的关系；2.得到一个能够帮助他们理解自身困扰的适应性解释/概念图式，并看到解决方法；3.与助人者积极合作，展开一套基于概念化的行动(Budge & Wampold, 2015; Wampold & Budge, […]
Luyao Ma, MS + 4 more
October 2, 2023
To Conceal or Not to Conceal
Abstract Supervision is often conceived of as the “instructional strategy that most characterizes the preparation of mental health professionals” (Bernard & Goodyear, 2019; p. 2). Engaging in this process fully and authentically inevitably involves being vulnerable in front of and with one’s supervisor in an effort to learn and grow. To more fully understand the […]
Joanna M. Drinane, Ph.D. + 3 more
March 6, 2022
If You Give Supervisees Difficult Situations
Introduction Clinical supervision comes in many different shapes and sizes. However, clinical supervision remains, at its core, a professional relationship in which the supervisor provides instruction and guidance in order to further develop the supervisee’s knowledge, skills, and attitudes in clinical practice (Falender & Shafranske, 2004; Falender & Shafranske, 2014). Although the style of supervision […]
Justin A. Davich, M.S. + 2 more
November 12, 2019
Becoming Trainees, Becoming Therapists
Not as Urgent as a Toothache (JM) The Analyst stares into the steam of his green tea. A morning Rorschach for no one to interpret. The first of his five patients for the day is out in the waiting room, flicking through one of the […]
Daniel Jose Gaztambide, Psy.D. + 1 more
April 15, 2019
A Taxonomy for Education and Training in Professional Psychology Health Service Specialties
In 2012, the American Psychological Association (APA) endorsed as policy, The Education and Training Guidelines: A Taxonomy for Education and Training in Professional Psychology Health Service Specialties, hereafter referred to as “the Taxonomy.” This Taxonomy was developed in response to confusing inconsistencies across education and training in professional psychology training programs that would describe offerings […]
Roberta L. Nutt, Ph.D., ABPP
December 31, 2016
Master Supervisors Show & Discuss Their Supervision Session Videos
Have you ever seen anyone else doing supervision—except your own? Whenever I am giving a workshop on clinical supervision to psychotherapy supervisors, I ask if any of them have every seen another psychologist supervising a trainee, let along watched a master supervisor doing so. On every occasion, only a few hands go up. Although clinical […]
Hanna Levenson, Ph.D.
December 4, 2016
Guidelines for Clinical Supervision in Health Service Psychology
Counseling psychology has demonstrated a long-standing interest and respect for clinical supervision as a unique domain that warrants its own preparation for practice. Counseling psychologists have distinguished themselves in the supervision literature (e.g., Borders et al., 1991; Goodyear et al., 2000), and counseling psychology programs have been much more likely than clinical and school psychology […]
Carol A. Falender, Ph.D. + 8 more
November 7, 2016
A Collaborative Study of Development in Psychotherapy Trainees
In an era when many in our field are preoccupied with defining the nature of empirically supported psychotherapies (e.g., American Psychological Association, 2006) and empirically supported therapy relationships (e.g., Norcross, 2011), it was only a matter of time until those responsible for training therapists began to ask whether there are yet any empirically supported methods […]
David E. Orlinsky, Ph.D. + 8 more
August 19, 2016
New Guidelines and Best Supervision Practices
Clinical supervision has changed dramatically in the past decade. First came the recognition that clinical supervision is a distinct professional practice that requires specific training. This represented a critical change from the previously unspoken assumption that all supervisors were, by virtue of their status, competent—an assumption that elicited strong emotional responses from both supervisees and […]
Carol A. Falender, Ph.D. + 1 more
July 25, 2016
Top 5 Components of “Good Enough” Supervision
In the Fall 2015 semester we completed a graduate course in clinical supervision. We discussed the purpose of clinical supervision, ethical and legal issues, theoretical models, countertransference and interpersonal variables impacting supervision, evaluation and feedback, how to build specific trainee skills, working with impaired trainees, and supervisor self-care. A frequent reaction for all of us (including […]
Jessica Campoli, B.A., Honours + 5 more
June 5, 2016
Training Graduate Students to Work with Sexual Minority Clients
In the last 20 to 30 years, we have come a long way when it comes to practicing with sexual minority clients (King, Semlyn, Killaspy, Nazareth, & Osborn, 2007). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) identities are affirmed and celebrated rather than pathologized, and affirmative psychotherapy is now the preferred practice approach for working with this […]
Edward J. Alessi, Ph.D
January 31, 2016
Discrepancies Between Beginning Psychotherapists’ Clinical Self-Perceptions and Their Presentation to Supervisors and Teachers
There are several sources of this conflict or dilemma. As they learn to do the work of what Freud (1937) termed an “impossible profession” (p. 401), beginning therapists are typically beset with multiple stressors, including a greater awareness of their own personal issues; the myriad of difficulties and frustrations inherent to treatment per se; the […]
Barry A. Farber, Ph.D. + 1 more
December 27, 2015